The Notion of Efficiency in China's Civil Law Scholarship

The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law. Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning. However, many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism, moral notions, inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader. It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China, rendering some economic judgments uneconomical. In the 21 st century, it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency, to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws' incentives on people's behaviors and their socio-economic effects, so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.

Rural Land System Reform Pilot Experiment in Pidu District: Background, Debate and Enlightenment

By combining top-level design with local pilot practices, rural land system reform, as an important priority on the agenda of deepening comprehensive reform, has accumulated a series of replicable and applicable experiences that are conducive to amendments to relevant laws. This paper takes stock of the basic experience of Pidu District in addressing typical problems arising in its rural land system reform and then investigates the inner link between the reform and the persistence of high housing prices in cities, the capital flowing to the countryside, and the rural revitalization program. Based on this analysis, the author puts forward three basic directions of the rural land system reform: remain committed to marketization, balance the interests of all parties and promote the development of rural industries.

International Chinese Language Education and Building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

Human society is now confronted with a variety of threats. Given that, the idea and initiative of building a community of shared future for mankind is positively echoed by people around the world. Accordingly, international Chinese language education should play an active role in building a community of shared future for mankind, which is determined by the mission and nature of this educational cause. The idea of building a community of shared future for mankind points a right way for the development of international Chinese language education, injects new vigor to this cause, and also creates a more friendly and favorable external environment. International Chinese language education should help facilitate the building of a community of shared future for mankind and contribute Chinese wisdom to the common progress of mankind in the new era.

Theoretical Mechanisms,Practice Foundations,and Policy Options for Big Data Driven High-quality Economic Growth in China

In the transition of China's economy from high-speed growth to high-quality growth in the new era, economic practices are oriented to fostering new growth drivers, developing new industries, and forming new models. Based on the data flow, big data effectively integrates technology, material, fund, and human resource flows and reveals new paths for the development of new growth drivers, new industries and new models. Adopting an analytical framework with "macro-meso-micro" levels, this paper elaborates on the theoretical mechanisms by which big data drives high-quality growth through efficiency improvements, upgrades of industrial structures, and business model innovations. It also explores the practical foundations for big data driven high-quality growth including technological advancements of big data, the development of big data industries, and the formulation of big data strategies. Finally, this paper proposes policy options for big data promoting high-quality growth in terms of developing digital economy, consolidating the infrastructure construction of big data, expediting convergence of big data and the real economy, advocating for a big data culture, and expanding financing options for big data.

Analysis of the Changes in Rural Chinese Family Structure since Reform and Opening Up

This article uses data from censuses since 1982 to reveal changes in the family structure of rural China since the launch of reform and opening up and against the backdrop of institutional relocation, social transformation and an aging population. Since the advent of reform and opening up, rural family structure and its changes can be divided into two phases. Before the 1990 s, the household contract responsibility system was implemented, labor in rural villages was still mainly engaged in farming, and the number of nuclear families remained stable with a steady rise. After the 1990 s, as reform progress deepened, substantial numbers of young and middle-aged laborers in rural villages began to relocate into non-farming sectors and aging in rural villages rose. As those born in the early days of the family planning policy gradually matured, family structure was directly affected and changed in new ways and forms not seen before. Vocational divisions of labor among the parents of young families and married offspring emerged and the significance of cooperation for family economy and daily life between parents and offspring rose in importance. Also, the prevalence of immediate families with three generations climbed while the standard nuclear families declined, the ratio of middle-aged couples with young children that worked outside the home increased, the function of middle-aged and senior parents in the upbringing of infants and children enhanced, and the commonness of incomplete family types such as only grandparents with grandchildren increased. During this phase, the number of seniors living alone surged to the point of becoming a matter worthy of attention.

Lifestyle and Time Use: The Impact of Retirement on Health

Based on the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2011 and 2013, this paper studied the impact of retirement on male and female workers' health and its impact mechanism under the mandatory retirement age system in China by using Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design(FRDD). The results indicated that retirement increased the probability of men assessing themselves as "healthy" by 25 percentage points and lowered the probability of suffering from chronic diseases for women by 26 percentage points. In terms of mechanism analysis, it was found that the remarkable increase in social interactions after retirement was the main reason for the improvement of health for male retirees, but not the reason for the lower probability of having chronic diseases for female retirees. The findings serve as important references for formulating policies regarding postponing retirement age and flexible retirement.

A Brief Introduction to the English Periodical of Contemporary Social Sciences